Usually, particle plugging, oil plug, scale plug and bacterial plug can cause decrease in formation absolute permeability. Emulsion plug, water blocking and wettability change can cause decrease of oil permeability. 通常,微粒堵塞、油堵、垢堵、细菌堵塞造成地层绝对渗透率降低,乳状液堵塞、水堵、润湿性改变引起油相渗透率降低。